Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. (2012) 57: 21005
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2012110366

Analysis of the whispering gallery mode sapphire Fe³⁺ maser under magnetic field

¹ FEMTO-ST Institute, Time and Frequency Department, UMR 6174 CNRS, ENSMM, 26 Chemin de l’Épitaphe, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
² University of Western Australia, School of Physics, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia

^a e-mail: yann.kersale@femto-st.fr

Received: 16 September 2011
Revised: 29 November 2011
Accepted: 2 January 2012
Published online: 30 January 2012

Abstract

This article describes the influence of the magnetic field on a small amount of residual Fe³⁺ ion impurities contained in a sapphire resonator excited on a whispering gallery mode and cooled down to 4 K. The energy levels and transition probabilities between pairs of levels of the system are calculated in order to determine the effect of the magnetic field on the maser output power and also on the pump power threshold.